See d- on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Metrology",
"orig": "mul:Metrology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "D-"
},
{
"word": "da-"
},
{
"word": "Da-"
},
{
"word": "DA-"
},
{
"word": "dk-"
},
{
"word": "Dk-"
},
{
"word": "DK-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"deci- (“×10⁻¹”)"
],
"id": "en-d--mul-prefix-DzTAHT1b",
"links": [
[
"metrology",
"metrology"
],
[
"deci-",
"deci-#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "SI prefix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(SI prefix, metrology) deci- (“×10⁻¹”)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"metrology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "mul:Chemistry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"deprecated notation for dextrorotatory (versus modern notation, (+))."
],
"id": "en-d--mul-prefix-6bDhvV~2",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"deprecated",
"deprecated#Adjective"
],
[
"dextrorotatory",
"dextrorotatory#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) deprecated notation for dextrorotatory (versus modern notation, (+))."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aht",
"2": "ath-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "valency decreasing suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decreasing suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aht",
"2": "xnd-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "signaling valency decrease"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decreasing suffix), from Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aht",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ahtna",
"lang_code": "aht",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "l-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ł-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "∅-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The d-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The d-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms intransitive verbs from nouns"
],
"id": "en-d--aht-prefix-aht:classifier",
"senseid": [
"aht:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
6
],
[
9,
10
]
],
"english": "we have something unspecified again",
"text": "cʼenatsʼetʼaen",
"translation": "we have something unspecified again",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The d-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The d-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms iterative verbs via classifier shift from the ∅-classifier (with the prefix na-)"
],
"id": "en-d--aht-prefix-aht:classifier1",
"senseid": [
"aht:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 4 14 4 8 4 4 3 12 12 2 3 1 1 1 1 7 3 3 1 1 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 4 16 4 8 4 3 3 12 12 1 3 1 0 1 0 7 3 3 0 0 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 15 10 10 10 3 3 12 12 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ahtna entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 5 15 5 8 5 4 4 12 12 3 4 2 1 2 1 7 3 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The d-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The d-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms reflexive verbs"
],
"id": "en-d--aht-prefix-aht:classifier1",
"senseid": [
"aht:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The d-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The d-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms benefactive verbs"
],
"id": "en-d--aht-prefix-aht:classifier1",
"senseid": [
"aht:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The d-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The d-classifier has the following uses:",
"Appears in transitive verbs with an incorporated objects"
],
"id": "en-d--aht-prefix-aht:classifier1",
"senseid": [
"aht:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The d-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The d-classifier has the following uses:",
"Appears in many verbs with no clear function"
],
"id": "en-d--aht-prefix-aht:classifier1",
"senseid": [
"aht:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aht",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ahtna",
"lang_code": "aht",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "n-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "d- + zʼaan (“a compact object is in position”) → dezʼaan (“a d-gender compact object is in position”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A qualifier suffix with a number of meanings:",
"Marks the d-gender, which includes nouns such as plants, dishes, hair/fur, enclosed liquids, words/speech, day/time, fire/smoke, and stars"
],
"id": "en-d--aht-prefix-aht:gender",
"senseid": [
"aht:gender"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "d- + -laʼ (“hand”) → -delaʼ (“branch”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A qualifier suffix with a number of meanings:",
"Appears in several compound nouns with no clear meaning"
],
"id": "en-d--aht-prefix-aht:compound",
"senseid": [
"aht:compound"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A qualifier suffix with a number of meanings:",
"Appears in some reflexive verbs"
],
"id": "en-d--aht-prefix-q0ShvIHz",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A qualifier suffix with a number of meanings:",
"Appears in some reflexive verbs"
],
"id": "en-d--aht-prefix-q0ShvIHz1",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A qualifier suffix with a number of meanings:",
"Marks nearly all onomatopoeic verbs"
],
"id": "en-d--aht-prefix-QLSlC7DC",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A qualifier suffix with a number of meanings:",
"Appears in many verbs with no clear function"
],
"id": "en-d--aht-prefix-F5eOwEXu",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "taa",
"2": "ath-pro",
"3": "*d-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Athabaskan *d-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aht",
"2": "d-",
"pos": "qualifier prefix"
},
"expansion": "Ahtna d- (qualifier prefix)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "di-",
"pos": "various thematic prefixes"
},
"expansion": "Navajo di- (various thematic prefixes)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "koy",
"2": "de-",
"pos": "gender prefix"
},
"expansion": "Koyukon de- (gender prefix)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Athabaskan *d-. Cognate with Ahtna d- (qualifier prefix), Navajo di- (various thematic prefixes), Koyukon de- (gender prefix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "taa",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Tanana",
"lang_code": "taa",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gh-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "n-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "y-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A \"qualifier\" prefix with a variety of meanings:",
"Marks the d-gender, which includes wood and wooden objects"
],
"id": "en-d--taa-prefix-ptq7F2em",
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A \"qualifier\" prefix with a variety of meanings:",
"With do-: oral, noise, speech"
],
"id": "en-d--taa-prefix-iU2eI~P0",
"links": [
[
"do-",
"do-#Lower_Tanana"
],
[
"oral",
"oral"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A \"qualifier\" prefix with a variety of meanings:",
"With the l-classifier, marks onomatopoeic verbs"
],
"id": "en-d--taa-prefix-VZ2q~SeB",
"links": [
[
"l-",
"l-#Lower_Tanana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A \"qualifier\" prefix with a variety of meanings:",
"With e-: out into an area"
],
"id": "en-d--taa-prefix-jkL3FTnN",
"links": [
[
"e-",
"e-#Lower_Tanana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 12 8 32 15 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Tanana entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A \"qualifier\" prefix with a variety of meanings:",
"With xa-: starting off in a direction"
],
"id": "en-d--taa-prefix-lpt4Xrhw",
"links": [
[
"xa-",
"xa-#Lower_Tanana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "it is red",
"text": "delk'esr",
"translation": "it is red",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "it is white",
"text": "delk'wtl",
"translation": "it is white",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A \"qualifier\" prefix with a variety of meanings:",
"Appears in a variety of other verb stems, such as neuter terms referring to colors."
],
"id": "en-d--taa-prefix-fYrW2Z2o",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t/"
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Epenthetic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "taa",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Tanana",
"lang_code": "taa",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
5
],
[
7,
8
]
],
"english": "he became sick",
"text": "eba dhedlat",
"translation": "he became sick",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appears epenthetically before the l-classifier after the neuter suffix dh-."
],
"id": "en-d--taa-prefix-IZFI7Zm1",
"links": [
[
"epenthetically",
"epenthesis#English"
],
[
"l-",
"l-#Lower_Tanana"
],
[
"dh-",
"dh-#Lower_Tanana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tl/"
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lut",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"lang_code": "lut",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lushootseed entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"my"
],
"id": "en-d--lut-prefix-A4RoUYrY",
"links": [
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ad-"
},
{
"word": "-s"
},
{
"word": "-čəɬ"
},
{
"word": "-ləp"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "article"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "article",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "il-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese articles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of il-"
],
"id": "en-d--mt-article-BZJO4qPE",
"links": [
[
"il-",
"il-#Maltese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/d/"
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "ath-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "valency decrease"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decrease)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "xnd-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "signaling valency decrease"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hai",
"2": "-d-"
},
"expansion": "Haida -d-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eya",
"2": "-d-"
},
"expansion": "Eyak -d-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tli",
"2": "-d-",
"pos": "reflexive suffix"
},
"expansion": "Tlingit -d- (reflexive suffix)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decrease), from Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease); cognate with Haida -d-, Eyak -d-, and Tlingit -d- (reflexive suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "terms prefixed with d- (classifier)"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Navajo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Navajo terms prefixed with d- (classifier)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "he’s singeing it (yi-∅-zéés)",
"text": "yizéés",
"translation": "he’s singeing it (yi-∅-zéés)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"english": "it’s being singed (yi-d-zéés)",
"text": "yidéés",
"translation": "it’s being singed (yi-d-zéés)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the d- classifier or valence-change prefix, a detransitivizing prefix of active verbs that modifies the transitivity or valence and grammatical voice of a verb, occurs in most passive, mediopassive, reflexive, and reciprocal verbs that are derived from verbs with a ∅- classifier; it produces the agentive passive verb forms"
],
"id": "en-d--nv-prefix-0FuwLFlr",
"links": [
[
"valence",
"valence#English"
],
[
"change",
"change#English"
],
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
],
[
"detransitivizing",
"transitivize#English"
],
[
"voice",
"voice#English"
],
[
"agentive",
"agentive#English"
],
[
"passive",
"passive#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "l-"
},
{
"word": "ł-"
},
{
"word": "∅-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t-/"
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "n-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nd-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "class B & C infixed pronoun",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "d- (class B & C infixed pronoun)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "BC"
},
"expansion": "d- (class B & C infixed pronoun)",
"name": "sga-infixed pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "m-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dom-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dam-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "t-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dot-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dat-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dut-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dit-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ut"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "a-N"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "e-N"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "d-N"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "id-N"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "did-N"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-it"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "s-(N)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "da-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-us"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "a-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "e-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "d-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "id-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "did-L"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "n-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "don-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dun-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dan-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-unn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "b-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dob-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dub-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dab-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-uib"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"him (triggers nasalization)"
],
"id": "en-d--sga-prefix-CIgrJmcU",
"links": [
[
"him",
"him"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-B",
"class-C",
"infix",
"morpheme",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"it (triggers lenition)"
],
"id": "en-d--sga-prefix-RXEIjZCc",
"links": [
[
"it",
"it"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-B",
"class-C",
"infix",
"morpheme",
"pronoun"
]
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlk",
"2": "ath-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "valency decreasing suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decreasing suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aht",
"2": "xnd-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "signaling valency decrease"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decreasing suffix), from Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlk",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Wailaki",
"lang_code": "wlk",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wailaki entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The d-classifier, one of several classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Wailaki verb, used to form middle, detransitive, reciprocal, reflexive, passive, and reversative verbs."
],
"id": "en-d--wlk-prefix-wlk:classifier",
"related": [
{
"word": "ł-"
},
{
"word": "l-"
}
],
"senseid": [
"wlk:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "dh-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cunucunuma River Ye'kwana",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of dh-"
],
"id": "en-d--mch-prefix-inn7wXRe",
"links": [
[
"dh-",
"dh-#Ye'kwana"
]
],
"qualifier": "Cunucunuma River dialect",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Cunucunuma River dialect) alternative form of dh-"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[d-]"
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ahtna entries with incorrect language header",
"Ahtna lemmas",
"Ahtna prefixes",
"Ahtna terms derived from Proto-Athabaskan",
"Ahtna terms derived from Proto-Na-Dene",
"Ahtna terms inherited from Proto-Athabaskan",
"Ahtna terms inherited from Proto-Na-Dene",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aht",
"2": "ath-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "valency decreasing suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decreasing suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aht",
"2": "xnd-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "signaling valency decrease"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decreasing suffix), from Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aht",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ahtna",
"lang_code": "aht",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "l-"
},
{
"word": "ł-"
},
{
"word": "∅-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The d-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The d-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms intransitive verbs from nouns"
],
"senseid": [
"aht:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ahtna terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
6
],
[
9,
10
]
],
"english": "we have something unspecified again",
"text": "cʼenatsʼetʼaen",
"translation": "we have something unspecified again",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The d-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The d-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms iterative verbs via classifier shift from the ∅-classifier (with the prefix na-)"
],
"senseid": [
"aht:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The d-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The d-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms reflexive verbs"
],
"senseid": [
"aht:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The d-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The d-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms benefactive verbs"
],
"senseid": [
"aht:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The d-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The d-classifier has the following uses:",
"Appears in transitive verbs with an incorporated objects"
],
"senseid": [
"aht:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The d-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The d-classifier has the following uses:",
"Appears in many verbs with no clear function"
],
"senseid": [
"aht:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ahtna entries with incorrect language header",
"Ahtna lemmas",
"Ahtna prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aht",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ahtna",
"lang_code": "aht",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "n-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "d- + zʼaan (“a compact object is in position”) → dezʼaan (“a d-gender compact object is in position”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A qualifier suffix with a number of meanings:",
"Marks the d-gender, which includes nouns such as plants, dishes, hair/fur, enclosed liquids, words/speech, day/time, fire/smoke, and stars"
],
"senseid": [
"aht:gender"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "d- + -laʼ (“hand”) → -delaʼ (“branch”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A qualifier suffix with a number of meanings:",
"Appears in several compound nouns with no clear meaning"
],
"senseid": [
"aht:compound"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A qualifier suffix with a number of meanings:",
"Appears in some reflexive verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A qualifier suffix with a number of meanings:",
"Appears in some reflexive verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A qualifier suffix with a number of meanings:",
"Marks nearly all onomatopoeic verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A qualifier suffix with a number of meanings:",
"Appears in many verbs with no clear function"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lower Tanana entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Tanana lemmas",
"Lower Tanana prefixes",
"Lower Tanana terms derived from Proto-Athabaskan",
"Lower Tanana terms inherited from Proto-Athabaskan",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "taa",
"2": "ath-pro",
"3": "*d-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Athabaskan *d-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aht",
"2": "d-",
"pos": "qualifier prefix"
},
"expansion": "Ahtna d- (qualifier prefix)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "di-",
"pos": "various thematic prefixes"
},
"expansion": "Navajo di- (various thematic prefixes)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "koy",
"2": "de-",
"pos": "gender prefix"
},
"expansion": "Koyukon de- (gender prefix)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Athabaskan *d-. Cognate with Ahtna d- (qualifier prefix), Navajo di- (various thematic prefixes), Koyukon de- (gender prefix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "taa",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Tanana",
"lang_code": "taa",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "gh-"
},
{
"word": "n-"
},
{
"word": "y-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A \"qualifier\" prefix with a variety of meanings:",
"Marks the d-gender, which includes wood and wooden objects"
],
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A \"qualifier\" prefix with a variety of meanings:",
"With do-: oral, noise, speech"
],
"links": [
[
"do-",
"do-#Lower_Tanana"
],
[
"oral",
"oral"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A \"qualifier\" prefix with a variety of meanings:",
"With the l-classifier, marks onomatopoeic verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"l-",
"l-#Lower_Tanana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A \"qualifier\" prefix with a variety of meanings:",
"With e-: out into an area"
],
"links": [
[
"e-",
"e-#Lower_Tanana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A \"qualifier\" prefix with a variety of meanings:",
"With xa-: starting off in a direction"
],
"links": [
[
"xa-",
"xa-#Lower_Tanana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lower Tanana terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "it is red",
"text": "delk'esr",
"translation": "it is red",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "it is white",
"text": "delk'wtl",
"translation": "it is white",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A \"qualifier\" prefix with a variety of meanings:",
"Appears in a variety of other verb stems, such as neuter terms referring to colors."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t/"
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lower Tanana entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Tanana lemmas",
"Lower Tanana prefixes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Epenthetic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "taa",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Tanana",
"lang_code": "taa",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lower Tanana terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
5
],
[
7,
8
]
],
"english": "he became sick",
"text": "eba dhedlat",
"translation": "he became sick",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appears epenthetically before the l-classifier after the neuter suffix dh-."
],
"links": [
[
"epenthetically",
"epenthesis#English"
],
[
"l-",
"l-#Lower_Tanana"
],
[
"dh-",
"dh-#Lower_Tanana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tl/"
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lut",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"lang_code": "lut",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "ad-"
},
{
"word": "-s"
},
{
"word": "-čəɬ"
},
{
"word": "-ləp"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lushootseed entries with incorrect language header",
"Lushootseed lemmas",
"Lushootseed prefixes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"my"
],
"links": [
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "article"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "article",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "il-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Maltese articles",
"Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"Maltese lemmas",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of il-"
],
"links": [
[
"il-",
"il-#Maltese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/d/"
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "ath-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "valency decrease"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decrease)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "xnd-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "signaling valency decrease"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hai",
"2": "-d-"
},
"expansion": "Haida -d-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eya",
"2": "-d-"
},
"expansion": "Eyak -d-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tli",
"2": "-d-",
"pos": "reflexive suffix"
},
"expansion": "Tlingit -d- (reflexive suffix)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decrease), from Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease); cognate with Haida -d-, Eyak -d-, and Tlingit -d- (reflexive suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "terms prefixed with d- (classifier)"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "l-"
},
{
"word": "ł-"
},
{
"word": "∅-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Navajo entries with incorrect language header",
"Navajo lemmas",
"Navajo prefixes",
"Navajo terms derived from Proto-Athabaskan",
"Navajo terms derived from Proto-Na-Dene",
"Navajo terms inherited from Proto-Athabaskan",
"Navajo terms inherited from Proto-Na-Dene",
"Navajo terms prefixed with d- (classifier)",
"Navajo terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "he’s singeing it (yi-∅-zéés)",
"text": "yizéés",
"translation": "he’s singeing it (yi-∅-zéés)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"english": "it’s being singed (yi-d-zéés)",
"text": "yidéés",
"translation": "it’s being singed (yi-d-zéés)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the d- classifier or valence-change prefix, a detransitivizing prefix of active verbs that modifies the transitivity or valence and grammatical voice of a verb, occurs in most passive, mediopassive, reflexive, and reciprocal verbs that are derived from verbs with a ∅- classifier; it produces the agentive passive verb forms"
],
"links": [
[
"valence",
"valence#English"
],
[
"change",
"change#English"
],
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
],
[
"detransitivizing",
"transitivize#English"
],
[
"voice",
"voice#English"
],
[
"agentive",
"agentive#English"
],
[
"passive",
"passive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t-/"
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish personal pronouns",
"Old Irish prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "n-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nd-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "class B & C infixed pronoun",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "d- (class B & C infixed pronoun)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "BC"
},
"expansion": "d- (class B & C infixed pronoun)",
"name": "sga-infixed pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex"
},
{
"word": "m-L"
},
{
"word": "dom-L"
},
{
"word": "dam-L"
},
{
"word": "-um"
},
{
"word": "t-L"
},
{
"word": "dot-L"
},
{
"word": "dat-L"
},
{
"word": "dut-L"
},
{
"word": "dit-L"
},
{
"word": "-ut"
},
{
"word": "a-N"
},
{
"word": "e-N"
},
{
"word": "d-N"
},
{
"word": "id-N"
},
{
"word": "did-N"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-it"
},
{
"word": "s-(N)"
},
{
"word": "da-"
},
{
"word": "-us"
},
{
"word": "a-L"
},
{
"word": "e-L"
},
{
"word": "d-L"
},
{
"word": "id-L"
},
{
"word": "did-L"
},
{
"word": "n-"
},
{
"word": "don-"
},
{
"word": "dun-"
},
{
"word": "dan-"
},
{
"word": "-unn"
},
{
"word": "b-"
},
{
"word": "dob-"
},
{
"word": "dub-"
},
{
"word": "dab-"
},
{
"word": "-uib"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"him (triggers nasalization)"
],
"links": [
[
"him",
"him"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-B",
"class-C",
"infix",
"morpheme",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"it (triggers lenition)"
],
"links": [
[
"it",
"it"
]
],
"tags": [
"class-B",
"class-C",
"infix",
"morpheme",
"pronoun"
]
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual prefixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"mul:Metrology"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "D-"
},
{
"word": "da-"
},
{
"word": "Da-"
},
{
"word": "DA-"
},
{
"word": "dk-"
},
{
"word": "Dk-"
},
{
"word": "DK-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"deci- (“×10⁻¹”)"
],
"links": [
[
"metrology",
"metrology"
],
[
"deci-",
"deci-#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "SI prefix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(SI prefix, metrology) deci- (“×10⁻¹”)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"metrology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English links with manual fragments",
"mul:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"deprecated notation for dextrorotatory (versus modern notation, (+))."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"deprecated",
"deprecated#Adjective"
],
[
"dextrorotatory",
"dextrorotatory#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) deprecated notation for dextrorotatory (versus modern notation, (+))."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlk",
"2": "ath-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "valency decreasing suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decreasing suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aht",
"2": "xnd-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "signaling valency decrease"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decreasing suffix), from Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlk",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Wailaki",
"lang_code": "wlk",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "ł-"
},
{
"word": "l-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ahtna terms derived from Proto-Na-Dene",
"Ahtna terms inherited from Proto-Na-Dene",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Wailaki entries with incorrect language header",
"Wailaki lemmas",
"Wailaki prefixes",
"Wailaki terms derived from Proto-Athabaskan",
"Wailaki terms inherited from Proto-Athabaskan"
],
"glosses": [
"The d-classifier, one of several classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Wailaki verb, used to form middle, detransitive, reciprocal, reflexive, passive, and reversative verbs."
],
"senseid": [
"wlk:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "dh-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Cunucunuma River Ye'kwana",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"Ye'kwana lemmas",
"Ye'kwana prefixes",
"Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of dh-"
],
"links": [
[
"dh-",
"dh-#Ye'kwana"
]
],
"qualifier": "Cunucunuma River dialect",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Cunucunuma River dialect) alternative form of dh-"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[d-]"
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for d- meaning in All languages combined (16.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.